Manual Questions & Answers

1. What is Software Testing?

A. Testing involves operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results,The controlled conditions should include both normal and abnormal conditions.

Testing is a process of executing a program with the intend of finding the errors.

2. What is the Purpose of Testing?

A. The purpose of testing is

1· To uncover hidden errors

2· To achieve the maximum usability of the system

3· To Demonstrate expected performance of the system

3. What types of testing do testers perform?

A. Two types of testing 1.White Box Testing 2.Black Box Testing.

4. What is the Outcome of Testing?

A. The outcome of testing will be a stable application which meets the customer Req's.

5. What kind of testing have you done?

A. Usability,Functionality,System testing,regression testing,UAT

(it depends on the person).

6. What is the need for testing?

A. The Primary need is to match requirements get satisfied with the functionality

and also to answer two questions

1· Whether the system is doing what it supposes to do?

2· Whether the system is not performing what it is not suppose to do?

7. What are the entry criteria for Functionality and Performance testing?

A. Entry criteria for Functionality testing is Functional Specification /BRS (CRS)/User Manual.An integrated application, Stable for testing.

Entry criteria for Performance testing is successfully of functional testing,once all the requirements related to functional are covered and tested, and approved or validated.

8. Why do you go for White box testing, when Black box testing is available?

A. A benchmark that certifies Commercial (Business) aspects and also functional (technical)aspects is objectives of black box testing. Here loops, structures, arrays, conditions,files, etc are very micro level but they arc Basement for any application, So White box takes these things in Macro level and test these things

Even though Black box testing is available,we should go for White box testing also,to check the correctness of code and for integrating the modules.

9.What are the entry criteria for Automation testing?

A. Application should be stable. Clear Design and Flow of the application is needed.

10.When to start and Stop Testing?

A. This can be difficult to determine. Many modern software applications are so complex,and run in such an interdependent environment, that complete testing can never be done.

Common factors in deciding when to stop are:

Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)

Test cases completed with certain percentage passed

Test budget depleted

Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point

Bug rate falls below a certain level

Beta or alpha testing period ends

11.What is Quality?

A. It ensures that software is a Bug free,delivered in time,with in budget,meets customer requirements and maintainable.Quality standards are different in various areas like accounting department might define quality in terms of Profit.

12.What is Baseline document?

A. The review and approved document is called as baseline document (i.e)Test plan,SRS.

13.What is verification?

A. To check whether we are developing the right product according to the customer

requirements r not.It is a static process.

14.What is validation?

A. To check whether we have developed the product according to the customer requirements r not.It is a Dynamic process.

15.What is quality assurance?

A. Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a quality product.

1.It is a system of management activities.

2.It is a preventive process.

3.It applies for entire life cycle.

4.Deals with Proces.

16.What is quality control?

A. Quality control measures the quality of a product

1.It is a specific part of the QA procedure.

2.It is a corrective process.

3.It applies for particular product.

4.Deals with the product.

17.What is SDLC and TDLC?

A. Software development life cycle(SDLC) is life cycle of a project from starting to ending of the project.

1.Requiremnts Specification. 2.Analysis

3.Design 4.Coding

5.Testing 6.User acceptance test(UAT)

7.Maintainance

Software Test Life Cycle(STLC) is a life cycle of the testing process.

1.Requiremnts Specification. 2.Planning

3.Test case Design. 4.Execution

5.Bug Reporting. 6.Maintainance

18.What are the Qualities of a Tester?

A. Tester should have qualities like

1.ability to break 2.paitence 3.communication

4.Presentation 5.team work. 6.negative thinking with good judgment skills

19.What are the various levels of testing?

A. The various levels of testing like

1· Ad - Hoc testing

2. Sanity Test

3. Regression Testing

4. Functional testing

5· Web Testing

20.After completing testing, what would you deliver to the client?

A. It is depend upon what you have specified in the test plan document.

the contents delivers to the clients is nothing but Test Deliverables.

1.Test plan document 2.Master test case document 3.Test summary Report.

4.Defect Reports.

21.What is a Test Bed?

A. Test bed means under what test environment(Hardware,software set up) the

application will run smoothly.

22.Why do you go for Test Bed?

A. We will prepare test bed bcoz first we need to identify under which

environment (Hardware,software) the application will run smoothly,then

only we can run the application smoothly without any intereptions.

23.What is Severity and Priority and who will decide what?

A. Severity and priority will be assigned for a particular bug to know the importance of the bug.

Severity:How sevierly the bug is effecting the application.

Priority:Informing to the developer which bug to be fix first.

24.Can Automation testing replace manual testing? If it so, how?

A. Yes,it can be done manually when the project is small,having more time.

we can test with minimum number of users.

25.What is a test case?

A. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of an application is working correctly.

26.What is a test condition?

A. The condition required to test a feature.(pre condition)

27.What is the test script?

A. Test script is the script which is generated by an automation tool while recording a application features.

28.What is the test data?

A. Test data means the input data(valid,invalid data) giving to check the feature

of an application is working correctly.

29.What is the difference between Re-testing and Regression testing?

A Re-testing:Executing the same test case by giving the no. of inputs on same build.

Regression testing:Executing the same test case on a modified build.

30.What are the different types of testing techniques?

A. 1.white Box testing 2.Black Box testing.

31.What are the different types of test case techniques?

A. 1.Equilance Partition. 2.Boundary Value Analysis. 3.Error guesing.

32.What ifs the difference between defect, error, bug?

A. Defect:While executing the test case if u found any mismatch,the u will report

it to the development team,that is called defect.

Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,the it is called as a bug.

error:it may be program error or syntax error.

33.What is the difference between quality and testing?

A. QA is more a preventive thing, ensuring quality in the company and therefore

the product rather than just testing the product for software bugs?

TESTING means "quality control"

Quality control measures the quality of a product

Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a

quality product.

34.What is the difference between White & Black Box Testing?

A. White Box Testing:Based on the knowledge of the internal logic of an application's code.Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions.

Black Box testing:- not based on any knowledge of internal design or code.

Tests are based on requirements and functionality.

35.What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?

A.

Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a

quality product.

Quality control measures the quality of the product.

36.What is the difference between Testing and debugging?

A. The Purpose of testing is to show the program has bugs.

The Purpose of debugging is find the error/ misconception that led to failure and implement program changes that correct the error.

37.What is the difference between bug and defect?

A. Defect:While executing the test case if u found any mismatch,the u will report

it to the development team,that is called defect.

Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,the it is called as a bug.

38.What is the difference between unit testing and integration testing?

A. Unit Testing:It is a testing activity typically done by the developers not by testers,as it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. Not always easily done unless the application has a well-designed architecture with tight code.

integration testing:testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.

39. What is the diff between Volume & Load?

A. Load,stress testing comes under performance testing.

Load Testing:To test the performance of the application by gradually

increasing the user loads.

Stress Testing:TO test the performance of the application and to find the server break down or where the server crashes.

Volume Testing:To test whether it can able to send max data according to client req's.

40. What is the Diff between Two Tier & Three tier Architecture?

A. Two Tier Architecture:It is nothing but client server Architecture,where client will hit request directly to server and client will get response directly from server.

Three tier Architecture:It is nothing but Web Based application,here in between client and server middle ware will be there,if client hits a request it will go to the middle ware and middle ware will send to server and vise-versa.

41. What is the diff between Integration & System Testing?

A. integration testing:testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.

System Testing:system testing will conducted on the entire system to check whether

it is meeting the customer requirements r not.

42. What is the diff between walk through and inspection?

A. walk through:A 'walk through' is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. Little or no preparation is usually required

inspection:Inspection is an formal meeting,here every thing discussed will be documented such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing,The result of the inspection meeting should be a written report.

43. What is the Diff between static and dynamic?

A. Static Testing:Test activities that are performed without running the software is called Static Testing,it includes inspections,walk throughs and desk checks.

dynamic testing:Test activities that are performed by running the software is called dynamic Testing.

44. What is the diff between alpha testing and beta testing?

A. Alpha Testing:alpha testing will be performed by client in our environment with dummy data,In this phase some major bugs can be allowed,later which will be solved by our development team.

beta testing:beta testing will be performed by client in his environment with real data,In this phase no bugs can be allowed.

45.What is Recovery testing?

A.testing how well a system recovers from crashes, hardware failures, or other catastrophic problems.

SQL Questions & Answers

 1.What is commit?

A.An operation that saves all changes to databases, cubes, or dimensions made since the start of a transaction. A commit guarantees that all of the transaction's modifications are made a permanent part of the database, cube or dimension. A commit also frees resources, such as locks, used by the transaction.

2.What is clustered index?

A.An index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table.

3.What is check constraint?

A.Defines which data values are acceptable in a column. You can apply CHECK constraints to multiple columns, and you can apply multiple CHECK constraints to a single column. When a table is dropped, CHECK constraints are also dropped.

4.What is constraint?

A.A property assigned to a table column that prevents certain types of invalid data values from being placed in the column. For example, a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint prevents you from inserting a value that is a duplicate of an existing value, a CHECK constraint prevents you from inserting a value that does not match a search condition, and NOT NULL prevents you from inserting a NULL value.

5.What is correlated subquery?

A.A subquery that references a column in the outer statement. The inner query is executed for each candidate row in the outer statement.

6.What is cube?

A.A set of data that is organized and summarized into a multidimensional structure defined by a set of dimensions and measures.

7.What is alias?

A.An alternative name for a table or column in expressions that is often used to shorten the name for subsequent reference in code, prevent possible ambiguous references, or provide a more descriptive name in the query output. An alias can also be an alternative name for a server.

8.What is data definition language(DDL)?

A.A language, usually part of a database management system, that is used to define all attributes and properties of a database, especially row layouts, column definitions, key columns (and sometimes keying methodology), file locations, and storage strategy.

9.What is data dictionary?

A.A set of system tables, stored in a catalog, that includes definitions of database structures and related information, such as permissions.

10.What is data manipulation language(DML)?

A.The subset of SQL statements used to retrieve and manipulate data.

11.What is database?

A.A collection of information, tables, and other objects organized and presented to serve a specific purpose, such as searching, sorting, and recombining data. Databases are stored in files.

12.What is data control language(DCL)?

A.The subset of SQL statements used to control permissions on database objects. Permissions are controlled using the GRANT and REVOKE statements.

13.What is default constraint?

A.A property defined for a table column that specifies a constant to be used as the default value for the column. If any subsequent INSERT or UPDATE statement specifies a value of NULL for the column, or does not specify a value for the column, the constant value defined in the DEFAULT constraint is placed in the column.

14.What is deny?

A.Removes a permission from a user account and prevents the account from gaining permission through membership in groups or roles within the permission.

15.What is equijoin?

A.A join in which the values in the columns being joined are compared for equality, and all columns are included in the results.

16.What is foreign key?

A.The column or combination of columns whose values match the primary key (PK) or unique key in the same or another table. Also called the referencing key.

17.What is grant?

A.Applies permissions to a user account, which allows the account to perform an activity or work with data.

18.What is identity column?

A.A column in a table that has been assigned the identity property. The identity property generates unique numbers.

19.What is index?

A.In a relational database, a database object that provides fast access to data in the rows of a table, based on key values. Indexes can also enforce uniqueness on the rows in a table. SQL Server supports clustered and nonclustered indexes. The primary key of a table is automatically indexed. In full-text search, a full-text index stores information about significant words and their location within a given column.

20.What is inner join?

A.An operation that retrieves rows from multiple source tables by comparing the values from columns shared between the source tables. An inner join excludes rows from a source table that have no matching rows in the other source tables.

21.What is join?

A.As a verb, to combine the contents of two or more tables and produce a result set that incorporates rows and columns from each table. Tables are typically joined using data that they have in common. As a noun, the process or result of joining tables, as in the term "inner join" to indicate a particular method of joining tables.

22.What is left outer join?

A.A type of outer join in which all rows from the left-most table in the JOIN clause are included. When rows in the left table are not matched by rows in the right table, all result set columns that come from the right table are assigned a value of NULL.

23.What are logical operators?

A.The operators AND, OR, and NOT. Used to connect search conditions in WHERE clauses.

24.What is nonclustered index?

A.An index in which the logical order of the index is different than the physical, stored order of the rows on disk.

25.What is outer join?

A.A join that includes all the rows from the joined tables that have met the search conditions, even rows from one table for which there is no matching row in the other join table. For result set rows returned when a row in one table is not matched by a row from the other table, a value of NULL is supplied for all result set columns that are resolved to the table that had the missing row.

26.What is primary key?

A.A column or set of columns that uniquely identify all the rows in a table. Primary keys do not allow null values. No two rows can have the same primary key value; therefore, a primary key value always uniquely identifies a single row. More than one key can uniquely identify rows in a table, each of these keys is called a candidate key. Only one candidate can be chosen as the primary key of a table; all other candidate keys are known as alternate keys. Although tables are not required to have primary keys, it is good practice to define them. In a normalized table, all of the data values in each row are fully dependent on the primary key.

27.What is relational database management system(RDBMS)?

A.A system that organizes data into related rows and columns. SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS).

28.What is right outer join?

A.A type of outer join in which all rows in the right-most table in the JOIN clause are included. When rows in the right table are not matched in the left table, all result set columns that come from the left table are assigned a value of NULL.

29.What is rollback?

A.To remove the updates performed by one or more partially completed transactions. Rollbacks are required to restore the integrity of a database after an application, database, or system failure.

30.What is savepoint?

A.A marker that allows an application to roll back part of a transaction if a minor error is encountered. The application must still commit or roll back the full transaction when it is complete.

31.What is self join?

A.A join in which records from a table are combined with other records from the same table when there are matching values in the joined fields. A self-join can be an inner join or an outer join. In database diagrams, a self-join is called a reflexive relationship.

32.What are store procedures?

A.A precompiled collection of Transact-SQL statements stored under a name and processed as a unit. SQL Server supplies stored procedures for managing SQL Server and displaying information about databases and users. SQL Server-supplied stored procedures are called system stored procedures.

33.What is subquery?

A.A SELECT statement nested inside another SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or inside another subquery.

34.What is transaction?

A.A group of database operations combined into a logical unit of work that is either wholly committed or rolled back. A transaction is atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable.

35.What is trigger?

A.A stored procedure that executes when data in a specified table is modified. Triggers are often created to enforce referential integrity or consistency among logically related data in different tables.

36.What is unique index?

A.An index in which no two rows are permitted to have the same index value, thus prohibiting duplicate index or key values. The system checks for duplicate key values when the index is created and checks each time data is added with an INSERT or UPDATE statement.

37.What are UNIQUE constraints?

A.Constraints that enforce entity integrity on a nonprimary key. UNIQUE constraints ensure that no duplicate values are entered and that an index is created to enhance performance.

38.What is view?

A.A database object that can be referenced the same way as a table in SQL statements. Views are defined using a SELECT statement and are analogous to an object that contains the result set of this statement.

39.What is Structured Query Language(SQL)?

A.A language used to insert, retrieve, modify, and delete data in a relational database. SQL also contains statements for defining and administering the objects in a database. SQL is the language supported by most relational databases, and is the subject of standards published by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). SQL Server 2000 uses a version of the SQL language called Transact-SQL.

40.What is revoke?

A.Removes a previously granted or denied permission from a user account, role, or group in the current database.

QTP interview questions and answers

What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro (QTP 8.0)?

 Operates stand-alone, or integrated into Mercury Business Process Testing and Mercury Quality Center. Introduces next-generation zero-configuration Keyword Driven testing technology in Quick Test Professional 8.0 allowing for fast test creation, easier maintenance, and more powerful data-driving capability. Identifies objects with Unique Smart Object Recognition, even if they change from build to build, enabling reliable unattended script execution. Collapses test documentation and test creation to a single step with Auto-documentation technology. Enables thorough validation of applications through a full complement of checkpoints.

How to handle the exceptions using recovery scenario manager in QTP?

 There are 4 trigger events during which a recovery scenario should be activated. A pop up window appears in an opened application during the test run: A property of an object changes its state or value, A step in the test does not run successfully, An open application fails during the test run, These triggers are considered as exceptions.You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occurred in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps: 1. Triggered Events 2. Recovery steps 3. Post Recovery Test-Run

What is the use of Text output value in QTP?

 Output values enable to view the values that the application talks during run time. When parameterized, the values change for each iteration. Thus by creating output values, we can capture the values that the application takes for each run and output them to the data table.

How Does Run time data (Parameterization) is handled in QTP?

 You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from databases, spreadsheets, or text files.

What is keyword view and Expert view in QTP?

 Quick Test’s Keyword Driven approach, test automation experts have full access to the underlying test and object properties, via an integrated scripting and debugging environment that is round-trip synchronized with the Keyword View. Advanced testers can view and edit their tests in the Expert View, which reveals the underlying industry-standard VBScript that Quick Test Professional automatically generates. Any changes made in the Expert View are automatically synchronized with the Keyword View.

Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP?

- Once a tester has run a test, a Test Fusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining Test Fusion reports with Quick Test Professional, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.

Which environments does QTP support? –

Quick Test Professional supports functional testing of all enterprise environments, including Windows, Web,..NET, Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic, ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.

What is QTP?

- Quick Test is a graphical interface record-playback automation tool. It is able to work with any web, java or windows client application. Quick Test enables you to test standard web objects and ActiveX controls. In addition to these environments, Quick Test Professional also enables you to test Java applets and applications and multimedia objects on Applications as well as standard Windows applications, Visual Basic 6 applications and.NET framework applications

Explain QTP Testing process?

- Quick Test testing process consists of 6 main phases:

Create your test plan - Prior to automating there should be a detailed description of the test including the exact steps to follow, data to be input, and all items to be verified by the test. The verification information should include both data validations and existence or state verifications of objects in the application.

Recording a session on your application - As you navigate through your application, Quick Test graphically displays each step you perform in the form of a collapsible icon-based test tree. A step is any user action that causes or makes a change in your site, such as clicking a link or image, or entering data in a form.

Enhancing your test - Inserting checkpoints into your test lets you search for a specific value of a page, object or text string, which helps you identify whether or not your application is functioning correctly. NOTE: Checkpoints can be added to a test as you record it or after the fact via the Active Screen. It is much easier and faster to add the checkpoints during the recording process. Broadening the scope of your test by replacing fixed values with parameters lets you check how your application performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. Adding logic and conditional statements to your test enables you to add sophisticated checks to your test.

Debugging your test - If changes were made to the script, you need to debug it to check that it operates smoothly and without interruption.

Running your test on a new version of your application - You run a test to check the behavior of your application. While running, Quick Test connects to your application and performs each step in your test.

Analyzing the test results - You examine the test results to pinpoint defects in your application.

Reporting defects - As you encounter failures in the application when analyzing test results, you will create defect reports in Defect Reporting Tool.

Explain the QTP Tool interface. - It contains the following key elements: Title bar, displaying the name of the currently open test, Menu bar, displaying menus of Quick Test commands, File toolbar, containing buttons to assist you in managing tests, Test toolbar, containing buttons used while creating and maintaining tests, Debug toolbar, containing buttons used while debugging tests. Note: The Debug toolbar is not displayed when you open Quick Test for the first time. You can display the Debug toolbar by choosing View — Toolbars — Debug. Action toolbar, containing buttons and a list of actions, enabling you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow. Note: The Action toolbar is not displayed when you open Quick Test for the first time. You can display the Action toolbar by choosing View — Toolbars — Action. If you insert a reusable or external action in a test, the Action toolbar is displayed automatically. Test pane, containing two tabs to view your test-the Tree View and the Expert View ,Test Details pane, containing the Active Screen. Data Table, containing two tabs, Global and Action, to assist you in parameterizing your test. Debug Viewer pane, containing three tabs to assist you in debugging your test-Watch Expressions, Variables, and Command. (The Debug Viewer pane can be opened only when a test run pauses at a breakpoint.) Status bar, displaying the status of the test

How does QTP recognize Objects in AUT? - Quick Test stores the definitions for application objects in a file called the Object Repository. As you record your test, Quick Test will add an entry for each item you interact with. Each Object Repository entry will be identified by a logical name (determined automatically by Quick Test), and will contain a set of properties (type, name, etc) that uniquely identify each object. Each line in the Quick Test script will contain a reference to the object that you interacted with, a call to the appropriate method (set, click, check) and any parameters for that method (such as the value for a call to the set method). The references to objects in the script will all be identified by the logical name, rather than any physical, descriptive properties.

What are the types of Object Repositories in QTP? - Quick Test has two types of object repositories for storing object information: shared object repositories and action object repositories. You can choose which type of object repository you want to use as the default type for new tests, and you can change the default as necessary for each new test. The object repository per-action mode is the default setting. In this mode, Quick Test automatically creates an object repository file for each action in your test so that you can create and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying object repository files. However, if you do modify values in an action object repository, your changes do not have any effect on other actions. Therefore, if the same test object exists in more than one action and you modify an object’s property values in one action, you may need to make the same change in every action (and any test) containing the object.

Explain the check points in QTP? - A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed in an Application while the test is running. You can add eight types of checkpoints to your test for standard web objects using QTP. A page checkpoint checks the characteristics of an Application. A text checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the appropriate place on an Application. An object checkpoint (Standard) checks the values of an object on an Application. An image checkpoint checks the values of an image on an Application. A table checkpoint checks information within a table on a Application. An Accessibilityy checkpoint checks the web page for Section 508 compliance. An XML checkpoint checks the contents of individual XML data files or XML documents that are part of your Web application. A database checkpoint checks the contents of databases accessed by your web site

In how many ways we can add check points to an application using QTP? - We can add checkpoints while recording the application or we can add after recording is completed using Active screen (Note : To perform the second one The Active screen must be enabled while recording).

How does QTP identify objects in the application? - QTP identifies the object in the application by Logical Name and Class.

What is Parameterizing Tests? - When you test your application, you may want to check how it performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. For example, suppose you want to check how your application responds to ten separate sets of data. You could record ten separate tests, each with its own set of data. Alternatively, you can create a parameterized test that runs ten times: each time the test runs, it uses a different set of data.

What is test object model in QTP? - The test object model is a large set of object types or classes that Quick Test uses to represent the objects in your application. Each test object class has a list of properties that can uniquely identify objects of that class and a set of relevant methods that Quick Test can record for it. A test object is an object that Quick Test creates in the test or component to represent the actual object in your application. Quick Test stores information about the object that will help it identify and check the object during the run session.

What is Object Spy in QTP? - Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

What is the Diff between Image check-point and Bit map Check point? - Image checkpoints enable you to check the properties of a Web image. You can check an area of a Web page or application as a bitmap. While creating a test or component, you specify the area you want to check by selecting an object. You can check an entire object or any area within an object. Quick Test captures the specified object as a bitmap, and inserts a checkpoint in the test or component. You can also choose to save only the selected area of the object with your test or component in order to save disk Space. For example, suppose you have a Web site that can display a map of a city the user specifies. The map has control keys for zooming. You can record the new map that is displayed after one click on the control key that zooms in the map. Using the bitmap checkpoint, you can check that the map zooms in correctly. You can create bitmap checkpoints for all supported testing environments (as long as the appropriate add-ins are loaded). Note: The results of bitmap checkpoints may be affected by factors such as operating system, screen resolution, and color settings.

How many ways we can parameterize data in QTP? - There are four types of parameters: Test, action or component parameters enable you to use values passed from your test or component, or values from other actions in your test. Data Table parameters enable you to create a data-driven test (or action) that runs several times using the data you supply. In each repetition, or iteration, Quick Test uses a different value from the Data Table. Environment variable parameters enable you to use variable values from other sources during the run session. These may be values you supply, or values that Quick Test generates for you based on conditions and options you choose. Random number parameters enable you to insert random numbers as values in your test or component. For example, to check how your application handles small and large ticket orders, you can have Quick Test generate a random number and insert it in a number of tickets edit field.

How do u do batch testing in WR & is it possible to do in QTP, if so explain? - Batch Testing in WR is nothing but running the whole test set by selecting Run Test set from the Execution Grid. The same is possible with QTP also. If our test cases are automated then by selecting Run Test set all the test scripts can be executed. In this process the Scripts get executed one by one by keeping all the remaining scripts in Waiting mode.

If I give some thousand tests to execute in 2 days what do u do? - Adhoc testing is done. It Covers the least basic functionalities to verify that the system is working fine.

What does it mean when a check point is in red color? what do u do? - A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the cause for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Environment Issue or a Application issue.

What is Object Spy in QTP? - Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object’s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

What is the file extension of the code file & object repository file in QTP? - Code file extension is.vbs and object repository is.tsr

Explain the concept of object repository & how QTP recognizes objects? - Object Repository: displays a tree of all objects in the current component or in the current action or entire test (depending on the object repository mode you selected). We can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository. Quicktest learns the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits. If it is not enough it adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it has compiled the unique description. If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordinal identifier such as objects location on the page or in the source code.

What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming? - Name would be another property apart from title that we can use.

Give me an example where you have used a COM interface in your QTP project? - com interface appears in the scenario of front end and back end. for eg:if you r using oracle as back end and front end as VB or any language then for better compatibility we will go for an interface. of which COM will be one among those interfaces. Create object creates handle to the instance of the specified object so that we program can use the methods on the specified object. It is used for implementing Automation(as defined by Microsoft).

Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model. - Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the Quick Test interface is in some way represented in the Quick Test automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in Quick Test have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the Quick Test automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program.