QTP Supports 2 types of Object
Repository
1) Shared
Object Repository (also called Global)
2)
Per-Action Object Repository, (also called Local)
Per-Action
Object Repository is used by default. The extension for Per-Action repository
is ".mtr" .
Shared
Object Repository is preferable while dealing with dynamic objects which are
called in multiple tests. The extension is ".tsr"
3)
Can we call QTP test from another test using scripting. Suppose there are 4
tests and I want to call these tests in a main script. Is this possible in QTP?
Yes.
You can call 4 or even more scripts in your tests.For this, first you will need
to make the Actions in the corresponding scripts re-usable.Then from the
destination script you can make calls to these re-usable actions.
4)
What is action split and the purpose of using this in QTP?
Action
split is to divide an existing action into two parts.The purpose is to divide
actions based on their functionality to improve code re-use.
5)
How will you handle Java tree in QTP ?
Foremost
you will select Java Add - In and launch QTP. Next step record operations on
the Java Tree. If you face an issue while recording, you can select Tools >
Object Identification > Java, tree object and make changes in mandatory and
assistive properties to enable identification.
Tip: You
can base you answer on similar lines for any other object of any environment.
For example : If the question is how will check SAP checkbox , You say , first
I will select SAP Add in ... and so on.
6)
Explain how QTP identifies object ?
QTP
identifies any GUI Object based on its corresponding properties. While
recording, QTP will identify and store peculiar properties (as defined in the
Object Identification settings) in the object repository of the GUI object . At
run-time, QTP will compare the stored property values with the on-screen
properties, to uniquely identify the GUI object.
7)
How many types of recording modes in QTP? Which will be used when ?
QTP
supports 3 types of recording modes
1. Normal mode also called Contextual
2.
Low-level recording mode
3.Analog
mode
Normal
Mode: It is the default recording mode and takes full advantage of QTP's Test
Object Model. It recognizes objects regardless of their position on -screen.
This is the preferred mode of recoding and is used for most of the automation
activities.
Low-level
recording mode: This mode records the exact x,y co-ordinates of your
mouse operations. It is helpful in testing hashmaps. It is useful for
recording objects not identified by normal mode of QTP.
Analog
mode: This mode records exact mouse and keyboard "movements"
you perform in relation to the screen / application window. This mode is useful
for the operation such as drawing a picture, recording signature., drag and
drop operations.
8)
How will you call from one action to another action ?
We can call
an action in 2 ways
1) Call to
copy of Action. - In this ,the Action Object Repository , Script and Datable
will be copied to the destination Test Script.
2) Call to Existing Action. - In this, Object Repository , Script and
Datable will NOT be copied but a call (reference) would be made to the
Action in the source script.
9)
What are Virtual Objects?
Your
application may contain objects that behave like standard objects but are not
recognized by QTP. You can define these objects as virtual objects and map them
to standard classes, such as a button or a check box. QTP emulates the user's
action on the virtual object during the run session. In the test results, the
virtual object is displayed as though it is a standard class object.
For
example, suppose you want to record a test on a Web page containing a bitmap
that the user clicks. The bitmap contains several different hyperlink areas,
and each area opens a different destination page. When you record a test, the
Web site matches the coordinates of the click on the bitmap and opens the
destination page.
To enable
QTP to click at the required coordinates during a run session, you can define a
virtual object for an area of the bitmap, which includes those coordinates, and
map it to the button class. When you run a test, QTP clicks the bitmap in the
area defined as a virtual object so that the Web site opens the correct
destination page.
10)
How to perform Cross platform testing and Cross browser testing using QTP? Can
u explain giving some example?
You will
need to create separate Actions which take care of different OS and Browsers
Cross
Platform Testing:
Using the Built in Environment Variable you can dig up the OS information.
Eg.
Platform = Environment("OS"). Then based on the Platform you need to
call the actions which you recorded on that particular platform.
Cross Browser Testing:
Using this code Eg. Browser("Core
Values").GetROProperty("version") you can extract the Browser
and its correspondin version. Ex: Internet Explorer 6 or Netscape 5. Based on
this value you call the actions which are relevant to that browser.
11)
What is logical name of the object?
Logical
name is a name given by QTP while creating an object in the
repository to uniquely identify it from other objects in the application. This
name would be used by the QTP to map the object name in script with its
corresponding description in the object repository. Ex:
Browser("Browser").Page("Guru99") Here Guru99 is the
logical name of the object.
12)
What is descriptive programming?
Typically
,an object and its properties must be recorded in the Object Repository to
enable QTP to perform action s on it.
Using
descriptive programming , you do not store the object and its property values
in the Object repository but mention the property value pair directly in
the script.
The idea
behind descriptive programming is not bypass the object repository but help
recogonize dynamic objects.
13)What
are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when
using descriptive programming ?
You can
use the name property
ex:
Browser("name:="xxx"").page("name:="xxxx"").....
OR
We can also use the property "micClass".
ex: Browser("micClass:=browser").page("micClass:=page")....
14)Can
we record an application running on a remote machine using QTP ?
Yes .you
can record remote application provided you are accessing application through
the local browser not via remoter like citrix.
If you are
still unable to record it is advisable install QTP and application, on the same
machine
15)
Explain the keyword CreateObject with an example.
Creates
and returns a reference to an Automation object
SYNTAX:
CreateObject(servername.typename [, location])
Arguments
servername: Required. The name of the application providing the object.
typename : Required. The type or class of the object to create.
location : Optional. The name of the network server where the object is
to be created.
Example :
Set IE = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
16)
Can you switch between Per-Action and Shared Object Repository ? If yes how ?
Yes .We
can switch. Go to Test--->Settings--->Resources. Here you have an
option to choose repositories.
17)
What is Object Spy ? How to Use it ?
Object Spy
helps in determining the run & test time object properties & methods of
the application under test.
You can
access object spy directly from the toolbar or from the Object Repository
Dialog Box.
It is very
useful during Descriptive Programming
18)
When ordinal identifiers alone can make an object unique then why they are not
given top priority? Why it is first mandatory and next assistive. Why we cannot
go for ordinal identifiers directly?
Consider
the following -
a) If two
objects are overlapped on each other than location based object recognition
will fail.
b) If only
index based recognition is used your script will work but script execution time
will increase.
Hence
mandatory and assistive properties are used.
19)
What is the file extension of the code file in QTP?
Code file
extension is script.mts
20)
Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model.
QTP
Automation Object model deals with Automation of QTP itself. Almost all
configuration and functionality provided by QTP is represented by QTP's
Automation Object Model . Almost all dialog boxes in QTP have a corresponding automation
object which can set or retrieved using the corresponding properties or methods
in the Automation Object Model.QTP Automation Objects can be used along with
standard VB programming elements like iterative loops or conditional statements
to help you design a script of choice.
21)
What is the use of Text output value in QTP?
Text
Output values enable you to capture text appearing on the application under
test during run-time.
If
parameterized, text output values will capture values appearing in each
iteration which would be stored in the run-time data table for further
analysis.
22)
What is Step Generator?
Step
Generator enables use to Add Test Steps in your script. Using step generator
you can add steps to your script without actually recording it.
23)
How to make QTP understand the difference amongst the same type of
objects .Suppose there are 5 check boxes in a page and I have to choose the 2nd
one, how to do that through script?
You can
use ordinal identifiers like index along with a little descriptive programming
for object recognition.
24)
What is Test Fusion Report ?.
Test
Fusion Report , displays all aspects of a test run and is organized in a Tree
format.
It gives
details of each step executed for all iterations.
It also
gives Run-time data table, Screen shots and movie of the test run if opted.
25)
How can you handle exceptions in QTP?
In QTP
Exceptional handling is done by using
a.
Recovery Scenarios.
b. Using “On Error” statement
In
Recovery scenario you have to define.
1. Triggered Events.
2. Recovery steps.
3. Post Recovery Test-Run.
At Script
Level you can use the On Error Resume Next and On Error Go to 0 statement.
26)
What are the types of environment variables in QTP ?
Environment
variables in QTP are of three types:
1)
Built-in (Read only)
2)
User-defined Internal (Read only)
3)
User-defined External (Read/Write)
You Set
the Environment Variable using the following syntax
Environment.Value(
"name") = "Guru99"
You can
Retrieve the Environment Variable using following syntax
Environment.Value("name")
-- This will retrun name as Guru99
Environment.Value("OS")
-- This will return your system OS
27)
What is the Difference between Bitmap Check point & Image Check point?
Bitmap checkpoint does a pixel to pixel comparison of an image or part of an
image.
Image
checkpoint does do a pixel to pixel comparison but instead compare image
properties like alt text , destination url etc.
28)
What is the difference between functions and actions in QTP?
Actions
have their own Object Repository & Data Table. Actions help make your Test
modular and increase reuse. Example: You can divide your script into Actions
based on functionality like Login, Logout etc.
Functions
is a VB Script programming concept and do not have their own Object Repository
or Data Table. Functions help in re-use of your code. Ex: You can create
a Function in your script to concatenate two strings.
29)
What is keyword view and Expert view in QTP?
Keyword
View is an icon based view which shows test steps in tabular format. It also
automatically generates documentation for the test steps.
Expert
View gives the corresponding VB Script statement for every test step in the
Keyword view.
30)
Explain QTP Testing process? -
Quick Test
testing process consists of 6 main phases:
1)
Create your test plan - This is preparatory phase where you identify the
exact test steps, test data and expected results for you automated test. You
also identify the environment and system configurations required to create and
run your QTP Tests.
2)
Recording a session on your application - During this phase , you will execute
test steps one by one on your AUT ,and QTP will automatically record
corresponding VB script statements for each step performed.
3)
Enhancing your test - In this stage you will insert checkpoints , output values
, parameterization , programming logic like if…else loops to enhance the logic
of your test script.
4) Replay
& Debug - After enhancements you will replay the script to check
whether its working properly and debug if necessary.
5) Run
your Tests - In this phase you will perform the actual execution of your Test
Script.
6)
Analyzing the test results - Once test run is complete, you will analyze the
results in the Test Fusion report generated.
7)
Reporting defects - Any incidents identified needs to be reported. If you are
using Quality Center , defects can be automatically raised for failed tests in
QTP.
31)
What are the different types of Test Automation Frameworks ?
The types
of Automation Frameworks are -
1) Linear
Scripting - Record & Playback
3)The
Data-Driven Testing Framework.
4)The
Keyword-Driven or Table-Driven Testing Framework.
32)
How will you check a web application for broken links using QTP?
You can
use the Page Checkpoint which gives a count of valid/invalid links on a page.
33)
What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?
Data like
parameterized output , checkpoint values , output values are stored in
the Run-time Table. It is an xls file which is stored in the Test Results
Folder. It can also be accessed in the Test Fusion Report.
34)
What is the difference between check point and output value.
Check
point is a verification point that compares a current value for a specified
property with the expected value for that property. Based on this comparison,
it will generate a PASS or FAIL status.
An output
value is a value captured during the test run and can be stored in a specified
location like the Datable or even a variable. Unlike Checkpoints, no
PASS/FAIL status is generated.
35)
How would you connect to database using vbscript ?
To connect
to the database you must know
a)
connection string of your server
b)
username
c)
password
d) DNS
name
You can
code the database connectivity command directly or you can use the SQL Query tool provided by QTP.
36)
What is QTP batch testing tool?
You
can use the Batch testing tool to run multiple scripts. Once the scripts are
added in the tool , it will automatically open the scripts and start
executing them one after the other.
37)
What are the drawbacks of QTP?
As of QTP
version 10
1) Huge
Tests in QTP consume lots of memory and increase CPU utilization.
2) Since
QTP stores results in HTML file (and not txt) the result folder sometimes
becomes big.
38)
What is an Optional Step ?
A step
when declared optional is not mandatory to be executed. If the corresponding
GUI object is present, QTP performs the operation on it. If the GUI object is
not present, QTP bypasses the optional step and proceeds to execute the next
step.
39)
What is Reporter.ReportEvent ?
Reporter.Reportvent
is standard method provided by QTP to send custom messages to the test results
window.
Syntax
Reporter.ReportEvent
EventStatus, ReportStepName, Details [, ImageFilePath]
where
EventStatus
= 0 or micPass
1 or micFail
2 or micDone
3 or micWarning
Results
can assume any status like Pass , Fail , Warning etc. You can also send
screenshot to the test results window.
40)
How will you declare a variable in QTP ?
You
declare using a DIM keyword. You assign value to the variable using the SET
keyword.
Ex.
Dim temp
'Will declare the temp variable
Set
temp = 20 ' Will assign a value 20 to temp.
41)
What is GetRoProperty ?
GetRoProperty
is a standard method provided by QTP to fetch property values of a run -time
object.
42)
What is smart Identification?
Typically,
if even one of the on-screen object property does not match the recorded object
property. The test fails.
In smart
identification, QTP does not give an error if the property values do not match,
but uses Base filter and Optional Filter properties to uniquely identify an
object. In Smart identification, if a property value does not match the script
does not fail but it proceeds ahead to compare the next property. Smart
identification can be enabled in Object Identification Dialog box.
43)
How would you export a Script from one PC to another in QTP ?
We can
make use of the "Generate Script" function available in Object
Identification, Test Settings and Tools/Options tab to create a zip of the
script at the source computer. These zip files then can be imported into QTP at
the destination computer.
44)
Can launch two instances of QTP on the same machine ?
No. You
can work with only single instance of QTP on the same machine. But QTP itself
can work on multiple instances of the Application Under Test (AUT). Ex:
QTP can handle multiple IE browser windows.
45)
Give the syntax to import/export xls into QTP.
DataTable.ImportSheet
"..\..\TestData\Input.xls",1,dtGlobalSheet
DataTable.ExportSheet
"..\..\Results\Output.xls","Global"
46)
What is SetToProperty ?
SetToProperty
changes property of an object stored in the Object Repository. However these
changes are not permanent.
47)
What is the standard timing delay for web based application in QTP ?
The
standard delay is 60 seconds. This is can be changed in Test Settigns.
48)
What is the Action Conversion Tool ?
It is an
in-built tool provided by QTP to convert Actions into Business Process
Components.
49)
What is the extension for a function library ?
The
extension is '.QFL'
50)
If the Global Data sheet contains no data and the Local Datasheet contains two
rows of data, how many times will the test iterate?
The test
will iterate only once - global iteration.
Here
you can get 2 Questions bonus :-)
51)
What factors affect bitmap checkpoints ?
Bitmap
checkpoints are affected by screen resolution and image size.
52)
What is Accessibility Checkpoint?
World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C) came up with some instructions and guidelines for
Web-based technology and information systems to make it easy for the disabled
to access the web. For example the standards make it mandatory to have an 'alt
text' for an image. So a blind person who is accessing the website, will use
text - to -speech converters and atleast understand what the image is about if
not see it. All these standards are checked by Accessibility Checkpoints.
